Archaeology of the Chinese art of carbs diet

 2010-08-23
Chinese art archeology archeology
a Chinese art, Chinese art and archeology archeology foundation is built
breaking Chinese art in China, and the actual practice of modern Field Archaeology foundation for the development .20 on the 50 years since the century, archaeologists have entered a new period of development. archaeologist not only thinks highly of the archaeological artifacts excavated ground for exact match, the type of dating and the delineation of objects, and the beginning of stress on production of these artifacts of human ideology. As Mr. Yu Weichao work of archaeological research in China through the analysis of the process: Everyone knows that in we do not talk in front of things and a lot of information, even if the points do not understand sooner or later, any study of the history will not start. The second step seems to be sorted out with each other between different archaeological cultures relations, that is, to clean up the development of archaeological and cultural lineage. But all that few, is fundamentally visual nature of the study, mainly to clarify the details of human behavior. I think, the third step should be by those most detailed archaeological information, and then to explore people's social relations, and ideology gradually being put on the agenda archaeologists, the ancient art as an important carrier of human ideology, affected much attention. the field of archaeological survey and excavation for the main features of the composition and development of modern archeology, archeology for the arts establish a solid base.
Archaeology Chinese art is grounded in the discipline of Chinese art is indeed based on the establishment and development. Art as the humanities and social sciences to establish a branch in China, commensurate with recent things to do. early 20th century, returning from studies in Germany, Mr. Zong Southeast University (later known as Centre University) opened the course on the art, for the first time the Western art to China. but it was only to teach the art of training in the arts practice personnel. The real importance of art will have to late 80s, Mr. Zhang Daoyi should be made to establish a place in the field of entrenched under the banner impressively built side by Peking University, Xiamen University and other universities in the response, the establishment of Department of Fine Arts has become a comprehensive university discipline construction of a beautiful scenery line. artistic theory and practice of the word, art frame Construction began to receive widespread attention, the art of theoretical research, theses and published have been published, Art Studies in China finally has a solid theoretical foundation and a good start. Art Archaeology as the study of the origin of art, the Arts Development history and interdisciplinary characteristics of ancient art, archaeologists and art theorists in the reach between the resonance, archaeologists from the field survey and excavation of archaeological and artistic heritage of art remains off, indicating the possibility of the establishment of art and archeology; Art origin from the study of art theorists, art history and needs of the law, discusses the need for the establishment of Art Archaeology.
reason perish Chinese art and archeology, archaeological practice in the arts has been great, get more and more Based on the success gradually built up. The Chinese art of movement pre-empted the practice of archeology. archeology of modern science in China, caused no more than seven or eight years so far, because the premise of war and economic constraints, Chinese archaeologists have come a difficult twists and turns of the way. In the new China was founded before the relatively slow development of archeology in the current .1949, China has been rapid development of archeology, and even made their own people can not help but feeling: , a new awareness of the importance of China will be crucial archaeological significance of the development of a resolution principle of the relations of production, special emphasis on the development of productivity in the production tools, and the resulting residual property to add the decisive role of social development, and neglect the development of productive forces, the ambitious initiative the human side effects. Therefore, the reaction ancient human ideology, religion, art, folklore and other areas of research, has been deserted, was negligent.
80s from the 20th century onwards, the eyes of archaeologists began construction in the reconstruction of material cultural history, the steering and the ancient human more closely related to the spirit of cultural creation, the times sent to the archaeologists, A large number of archaeological excavations both in the field, but also for archaeologists study ancient art. artistic practice began to flourish in the rise of Archaeology. In the field of ancient art research, changed simply arranged by the art historian format, archaeologists, together with art historians began to actively participate in the excavation of pottery, stone Han, Han and Tang murals, figurines and other art objects. It was with the increasingly deep and sincere basis of archaeological practice of art and art theory of archeology gradually was put on the agenda. object of study, research methods, research purposes, as well as the relationship between art history. Shandong University, Mr. Liu Fengjun book of Mr. Yang Hong written archaeological theory has yet to be established the system of the future mature art theory and art even greater success achieved in archaeological practice. However, not negative, Art Archaeology is a subject worth exploring, particularly the art of Chinese archeology, it has both a variety of different textures, different art forms, a large number of archaeological works of art can be studied, but also difficult to obtain a piece of the vast world of historical documents and works of art handed down for reference, the two cross-Zhao Ying, the art of Archaeology With a solid foundation.
II, art objects and areas of archaeological
briefly that art is mainly archaeological study of ancient art. the origin of ancient art, but almost two main categories, is transmitted down handed down for ages; the other is a scientific field archaeological survey and excavation are works of art. handed down for art is often the history of ancient Chinese art on the main material. However, ancient art has two fatal flaws, a really difficult period of its certification, to increase the difficulty of the work; another, more convex problem is the ancient art of imitation for various purposes and even fake. many of the previous generation of bronze, jade, calligraphy and other works of art are more or less copied by later generations. Therefore, ancient art of archaeological works of art can not be the main object of study.
Art of archaeological objects is rooted in archeology, is the use of scientific investigation and excavation of archaeological field wrist come. it's just the number of a wide variety of archaeological study of a small part. On this basis, we can already draw a conclusion on the analysis of archaeological objects, gradually stripping out the non-art material products, Art is more fair to outline the archaeological study of the face. as an art object of study Archaeology, the first condition necessary for the use of my hands, human labor to create the product, so that the object of study from the archaeological and ancient humans to eliminate the activities , archaeological study of the pits, cellars, mines, canals, ditches and other sites, though they are artificial creations, but only a practical effect, or services in production and life, or for combat preparedness, very difficult to inspire people aesthetic feelings, therefore, can not study an art and archeology; As for the art of ancient trick of human processing of ceramics, jade, bronze ware, lacquer ware, gold and silver and various accessories such as arts and crafts, as well as rock paintings, Murals and Stone, Brick, sculpture and other works of art, is undoubtedly the art of archaeological study. However, archaeological excavations unearthed a variety of production tools, household appliances, and stone, clay seals, Epitaph, to buy land certificates, bones , bamboo slips, textiles, coins, weights and measures, etc., have an important condition as works of art, that the characteristics of human creativity, but these items are by no means is art archaeological study. to ancient coins, for example, as a smooth the square hole round with a five-baht money and reign of money, primarily for circulation in the area of social communication vehicle equivalent, but for evil spirits, the pressure casting birthday win money or missing value is used to highlight the aesthetic artistic value. Therefore, numerous and archaeological study have carved out in the Art of archaeological objects, far from this predicament simply quantified.
archeology is based on ancient human through a variety of activities to study the physical legacy of ancient human history a social science. Generally speaking, under the age of Chinese Archaeology limited to the demise of the Ming Dynasty (AD 1644) [4] (P.2). Chinese art archaeological study by the archaeological age of the age limit of the size constraints of carbs diet:
archaeological study of the arts is limited to ancient times, so that on the one hand, reflect the achievements of modern technology and art films, TV, photography, art and industrial design art design art, visual media design, environmental design and other art categories will be excluded from the study objects, on the other hand, time, space and auditory performance art categories such as music, dance, drama, opera, folk arts, acrobatics also easy to time shift the world, gradually lost their own artistic language. However, the timing of these dynamic art form, but was the performance of the plastic arts as subject matter, show them statically, in the ancient paintings , sculpture and traditional crafts, leaving traces of its former glory.
III, art archaeological study since the classification
Archaeology Art Archaeology is a special branch of science is an art and archaeological flourishing school built on the basis of interspersed science, its object of study is both archaeological study of the important part is the study of ancient art of artistic disciplines, their development and evolution of the law of important information, therefore, an object of art archaeological research classification, the classification should archeology main line, taking into account the art of classification of different categories.
study archeology ancient legacy of human activities through various kind of information, including, most notably Ancient human labor to create the material remains, artifacts and relics into the normal two categories. Art Archaeology archaeological object of study is the study of human remains of the spirit of cultural creation, also can be divided into two major artistic monuments and art relics class.
remains is the art of listening to people through the ancient art work created by historical, archaeological study of art an important part. Art is the remains of the ancient building remains, the ground in China can be divided into two buildings and underground construction categories. Most of China's ancient architectural application of wood floor, to brackets, tenon joint structure construction. due to natural and man-made damage to various factors, remain in the ground early (before the Tang Dynasty) simply disappeared Wood Construction , the only remaining part of the deterioration of the building components, built after the Tang dynasty of ancient monuments and only temple, tower, stone palace, cave temples, bridges and other types. Chinese ancient royal underground construction is the construction of the house trillion to brick, stone materials, most imitated style of the building was on the ground, but tends to simple rate. compare more, the archaeological surveys and excavations unearthed the ancient Chinese art of architecture on the physical information is not rich, but as a decorative architectural murals and sculptures dependent But dreams of, with a strong arts contaminated force. Art Classification thing of the past to murals and sculptures will be based.
long history of Chinese murals, had already appeared as early as the Neolithic period, much earlier than the later dynasty, silk painting , scroll paintings and other art categories. Generally speaking, mural made of natural rock surface has a special term - rock paintings. in the artificial production of murals on the wall, the more decoration on the buildings and tombs can be divided into the ground floor murals and underground tomb murals in two parts. building murals of ancient Chinese architecture in a major subsidiary of arts, general Danqing in temples, palaces, monasteries, Ting, and cave temples such as a wider range of pictures of the building, decorative, landscaping home environment, educate and spread propaganda FELL features religious doctrine. tomb murals of the Rise and Fall of Ancient China and the development of social productivity is closely related to the concept of Funeral Customs.
as the remains of the ancient Chinese art of sculpture, mostly left in the ground ancient works of art, usually obtained through archaeological investigation. former glorious sculptures of long-term exposed on the ground, directly prohibited the mutilation is being affected by chaos, rush to become incomplete, Chuanghen numerous, only those who create themes and services in the feudal rule and art sculpture religious thought was only proper preservation, survive. Art Sculpture archaeological remains of ordinary religious buildings can be divided into left and the royal tomb sculpture, carving left before the two categories. Chinese ancient religious sculpture of the great achievements, focus on mountains chiseled body of the original statues of the cave temple cave art, in addition, temples, Taoist statues in the sculpture is also generally, individual stone, wood, bronze, painted sculptures, in order to colorful common. China's rail system is in the ancient tombs of feudal society under the influence of hierarchy, in accordance with the Confucian those created through the artistic process of painting, sculpture, calligraphy and inscriptions combine practical and aesthetic arts and crafts, including arts and crafts in terms of quantity, type, or the subject matter and artistic achievement in the arts, both far more than the former. artistic relics The painting works of art, silk painting and silk painting mainly, wood engravings and wooden slips paintings, scroll paintings and other types. Art relics of sculptures, mainly in tombs and pottery excavated from the site, Cisu, wood carving and other types. calligraphy art of writing the text, from the initial symbols carved into the pottery business Oracle Zhou, Jin, spring goods Warring States text, stamp text, stone inscriptions, Lute text, Vatan text, bronze mirror text, bamboo and silk text , are the emergence of a mature art of calligraphy the basis and source. ancient Chinese arts and crafts, according to texture and decorative techniques can be subdivided into works of art pottery, jade art, bronze art, lacquer art, porcelain, works of art, silk art, gold and silver works of art and bone carving, ivory carving works of art. the type of ancient Chinese art complex, in addition to the above painting, sculpture, inscriptions calligraphy and arts and crafts, but also includes music, dance, music and dance variety shows, tiles, paper cutting, dough figurines, etc. Other works of art.
four archaeological study of the characteristics of Art Art of archaeological objects
, compared to the works of art and ancient art handed down with its own distinctive features.
First of all, art archaeological study scientific. Art Archaeology is a scientific study of archaeological field survey and excavated relics and art are relics of the art. to determine their age, thanks to Field Archaeology in the stratigraphy, typology methodology, and natural science technical means and the use of ancient historical documents, archaeological study of art with science's absolute or relative definition of the age. In addition, art archaeological research participants mostly from tombs or ruins uncovered, often is not alone individual, Qidan unearthed ancient art are closely linked, is associated with the production tools and means of livelihood but also with it, even the ancient works of art placed in the tombs or the status of the different sites, but also to understand it the creation of implied intention, aesthetic characteristics and in the tombs or ruins of the role assumed by a major inspiration.
Second, art reflects the archaeological study of the rich diversity of artistic creation. both of these subjects in different material as a carrier material of painting, sculpture, construction, arts and crafts, and calligraphy art form, but also in the form of art decoration themes and content in that contains a lot of ancient music, dance, drama and other art situation, which is incomparable to care , rare and valuable in-kind material.
Third, art archaeological research object has utility. the development of cultural history in the human sequence of material, is the first in the aesthetic and practical. prehistoric pottery to human life in the use of these appliances At the same time enjoy the beauty. But pottery is used as well without changing the original nature of human life instruments. prehistoric jade works of art, first as a man, dressed in their body to demonize the face of decorative art show, and then gradually after an absence of a practical evolved for the ceremony, or totemic reverence objects, will form the social heart of knowledge resides in them. slave to the forging and the application of bronze markers, but the bronze is not widely used for agricultural production tools, and generally cast into a bronze vessel , weapons, should permit the model of burial objects, mainly to meet the After [5] (P.10), needs.
Fourth, Art of archaeological objects, there is a large part of the burial from the field of archaeological excavations. which reflects the spirit of the ancient culture of human products, not only reflects the development of social productive forces at that time, more with the rich content of ideology. Therefore, the number of items of archaeological excavations unearthed the amount of artistic value of the abilities of the deep cultural connotation contained or not, the presence of the burial customs are closely linked.
Finally, art much discussion in the archaeological object is applicable with the aesthetic of a phase of local arts and crafts co. arts and crafts people to content with clothing, food, housing, transportation, and other materials with life and energy to life, and have produced, It reflects the way people's lives at that time, technological development level, economic thinking with the aesthetic point of view. the creation of arts and crafts, not just the invention of a spiritual civilization, but is satisfied the need for human material conditions of life, therefore, it and socio-economic development of downtown and superstition based synchronization techniques.
five, art archaeological research methods
Art Archaeology is a science founded on the basis of archaeological and artistic cross or the edge of the emerging discipline Therefore, whenever archeology and art research methods in the art can be used in archaeological research and reference. At present, archaeological research in art, not a scientific methodology derived system, but effective research method is to follow the ancient archaeological excavations unearthed gradually increasing number of works of art emerge. Generally speaking, the arts comes mainly from archaeological method of stratigraphy and typology of archaeological, cultural anthropology, iconography and other research or research methods reference, as well as in ancient China the use of historical documents.
Archaeology is the study of stratigraphy and typology important classification data row analogy. As the historian of ancient literature from page to page to find the historical development of human society Like the track, archaeologists are exactly the layers from the legacy of ancient human culture sediments, hard to restore the look of ancient society, making them the science of information. archaeological stratigraphy affixed to the ancient art the label of the times, restoring the historical reality. typology is the consolidation of archaeological research in an important way of information. typology used in the art of archaeological, has a dual meaning, on the one hand, through the ancient art form and decorative themes of study and solve the problem of chronology, so that a more thorough archaeological science. On the other hand, a large number of materials through the analysis of alignment, the interpretation of the contents of the ancient themes and decorative works of art means the species, put together a complete system of research data.
cultural anthropology is to solve a key problem of primitive art. how to correctly explain as much as possible prehistoric art, cultural anthropology, to require the application of research results and methods. culture anthropological research are manifold, both prehistoric primitive art, history and existing ethnic minorities during the outrageous findings of artistic creation, but also with the ancient art of creating strong links to the state of human life, ethics, morality, religion and other material culture and believe in ideology of human achievement. The former is a direct artistic content of archaeological research and reference, the original works of art of prehistoric and ancient art with ethnic characteristics, as a study of cultural anthropology department, is also artistic important archaeological subjects; Interpretation of the latter art of accurate archaeological object of study, provides essential background material. of existing primitive peoples the idea of artistic creation, objectives and usefulness of art products, able to partially restore the process of prehistoric create original artwork, correct Interpretation of the inner meaning they include a very major contribution to make.
Artistic Interpretation of ancient art of iconography is the only way. Image research methods on the interpretation of religious works of art in ancient China fruitful. religious art borrowed in the form of religious art of substance to promote religious teachings of the embodiment of the content shown, both to the dissemination of religious doctrine or religious in private, on the other hand to the performance by the religious teachings and religious ceremonies of the constraints This makes religious art with stylized features of the relative consistency, it is also the delineation of this unique in the world, so that religious art and religious teachings and ceremonies closely linked. Images of the Research Methods of Han stone Research is also important. As the construction, therefore, the real meaning of the Han Dynasty is a memorial of the funeral stone arts ritual to express the dominant Confucian ideology, the concept of religion and the universe, etc., to explain to them the essence of the image is also learning to do in this.
study of ancient Chinese art of ancient literature is an important reference. The literature specific records of the ancient Chinese political system, cultural traditions, customs and the earth science and technology and even love, religion and other aspects of the concept of thinking is a very rare ancient cultural wealth. ancient art of creation is all historical human development of productive forces, lifestyle and customs, aesthetic emotion, religion and other aspects of externalization of the spirit of the ancient culture of the carrier of human ideology, and history closer together, therefore, can not exaggerated to say that, where in ancient China literature can be explained the background of ancient art. just the ancient history of the private copies of the literature, during which more will be attached to the descendants of misinformation, there may be many false components, but the cultural interpretation of the meaning of ancient works of art it can not be replaced with a reference value. ancient Chinese literature in archaeological research in the arts an important reference role, mainly reflected in the myths and legends, of propriety and justice system and the landfill practices, religion and other aspects of ancient technology.
six , Art Archaeology and coherent relationship between the subjects studied
Art Archaeology Archaeology supplied by the wilderness, is the era of human history in the various arts to create. They not only belong to the creators of different nationalities, but also by At that time the ideas of consciousness, religion, belief, culture accustomed to the constraints that exist in ancient works of art and religious and political thinking of the color. of their research is inseparable from the natural to archeology, ancient art history, ethnic, religious support, the people Arts and science and other disciplines to take part. Art Archaeology and these subjects formed a close contact.
Archaeology Archaeology for the arts provide a scientific study. the results of archaeological research, archaeological research object for the Arts provides a strong strong background, technology background and cultural background information, in turn, promote the art of archeology archeology forward. Art of archaeological objects are created by human beings spiritual products, the ancients with painting, sculpture and other artistic and beautify their life, so emotional agglutination, bearing in mind some special artifacts. These ancient works of art because of its shape, decorative patterns and themes contains a greater amount of cultural information, not only with the bright style of the times, but also has an extraordinary culture the characteristics of nature can serve as a stage to identify archaeological culture or cultural symbol, determine the age of archaeological sites and artifacts important basis.
Art of archaeological objects to make up for the lack of study of art history. in modern archaeological was introduced into China before the study of art history focused on literary works of painting, calligraphy, art and the artist's creative motivation, living environment, life suffered under the tutelage of relations and so on. and different works of art of painting and calligraphy masterpieces of art and archeology Few subjects have a famous name with a link artists; art of many kinds of metal, ceramics, jade sculpture art texture of arts and crafts; paper, silk, silk texture painting, calligraphy works of art because in the ground not keep very common in archaeological excavations. Art Archaeology study of these features, just the study of art history is a necessary complement. In addition, art for art history, archeology study provided an evaluation method and basis for dating.
Art Archaeology as Ethnic Studies provides a wealth of physical data. prehistoric culture created by human beings, the lack of written records, mainly by various types of archaeological remains of the field provided, distributed in different times and regions, with different cultural characteristics of style, often corresponding to different clans, tribes and clans. represent different archaeological culture of prehistoric peoples of the non-identical unique body, but the specific history that is certainly a nation, but it is hard match. However, archeology culture and national characteristics is a certainty which no doubt the objective existence of different archaeological sites unearthed in the prehistoric cultures of art, folk art has its own independent characteristics. Every nation because of its natural environment in which to engage in modes of production, continue to cultural traditions and many other factors to form their own unique national psychology, and even result in emotional activities and aesthetic orientation differences. different national psychology trained artists of different nationalities unique feelings and creativity, thereby creating a unique national art, national characteristics of the art form. Art of archaeological objects, many of which are national artists emotional and aesthetic creation, and embodies the aesthetic psychology of this nation, culture, customs and religious beliefs, ideological ideas, concepts, with strong ethnic characteristics. Similarly, the national data of archaeological research and warning for the arts. Ethnology inspected the existing nation, visited or been directly involved in a variety of information after the event, such as the ancient institution of marriage, family system, religion and magic, as well as results of scientific research on these materials, the field of archaeological research in the arts will display a greater role.
ancient Chinese art of archeology to explore the origin and development of religious law to provide information on scientific research . In the primitive society, the ideology is a hybrid of human form, art, religion, philosophy, science, ethics, and so are not polarized. original art, whether it is dance or rock paintings, sculpture, not a simple art activities , it is witchcraft or religious activities, is a kind of awareness activities to the world, a transfer of knowledge and education, an exchange of information, communication activities, or even may be a productive activity. In addition, the ancient Chinese religious literature is Art Archaeology explained the importance of the object reference. Mr. Zhang Guangzhi is the use of the Eastern Jin Ge Hong's deer three ju�� @ �� records of communication with the gods, the water from the western slope of interpretation Puyang tomb, mussels Yangshao plastic dragon, tiger, deer images, elaborates on the ancient Chinese art of people and animals motif [7] (P. 320).
famous Chinese contemporary art theorists, people who actively promote the arts to learn Mr. Zhang Daoyi, the elaborate nature of the subject of folk art, the folk art made aware of learning and arts, the close relationship between archeology: linked phase saturated. On the other hand, research over the people of the Arts must have basic knowledge of disciplines emerging discipline, the research object and research methods across the two disciplines of archeology and art, folk art and learn naturally forged a deep history and relationship. First of all, the people Archaeology Art Folk Art Art History Study provides authentic study. folk art science research, including the history of folk art, folk art and folk art of the theory of three folk songs. on the history of folk art, archaeological excavations unearthed only by means of the physical field data. Second, the theory of Citizens Arts archaeological research has led to the meaning of Art. China Arts Palace of the element of cultural and art, literati art, religious art, folk art and other art forms and grades of the division between their mutual relations research, the study of ancient works of art for the system to provide a convenient cultural connotations. With this classification after the study of ancient works of art belonging to different levels to be targeted, the use of corresponding background for reference, thus opening the researchers ideas. Finally, archaeological research has enriched the art of folk art theories. through archaeological surveys and excavations unearthed the analysis of ancient ceramic art, from folk art can be found in the mutual relations with the other arts.
VII, art purpose and significance of archaeological research
Bruce? Kan Geer in [9] (P.36). their ultimate goal and meaning of art should not be limited to the description of monuments and relics, classification and dating, but rather the ancient works of art shown through various art forms, of which they declare the art theme, exploring implicit in the shape and decoration of ancient art patterns of the rich cultural connotations, find implicit in the theme of the ...